Zoom Invite Email template not displaying image

I have been tasked with fixing my jobs email template, because recently it has stopped showing the logo in the invite emails. However when i look at it, there doesnt seem to be anything wrong with it. When i try and preview the template, i get this

 But i know that Style works for both tags and attributes

on testing, i took out the style attribute from the image, and got this on the preview, which is how its supposed to look

but when i send the preview email i get this

So even though the preview recognizes the image, when it send the actual email, it doesnt and i have no idea why.

Any suggestions would be much appreciated