This is a known quirk on iPhone — it usually isn't actually about your browser's pop-up setting at all. What's really happening is the email app is opening the meeting link in its own built-in mini-browser (not Safari), and that in-app browser is the one blocking the pop-up, regardless of what you've set in Safari or Chrome.
A few things to try: press and hold the Join meeting link in the email and choose Open in Safari (or copy the link and paste it directly into Safari) instead of tapping it normally. Also double check Safari's actual setting under Settings, Apps, Safari, and confirm Block Pop-ups is off, since that's the real control Apple provides, separate from any in-app browser behavior. If you use Gmail or Outlook, look for an option to open in Safari rather than letting the app use its internal browser, and you can set your default browser under Settings, Apps, Default Apps, Browser App. It's also worth turning off any ad blockers or privacy extensions temporarily and retrying, since those can trigger the same blocked message even when the standard pop-up setting is off. If it's a Teams, Webex, Google Meet, or similar invite, try opening that meeting app directly first, then return to the email and tap Join, choosing Open if prompted.
If none of that resolves it, copying the full URL and pasting it directly into Safari, or opening it via the dedicated meeting app, tends to be the most reliable workaround.