Hello, @iunson! Thanks for taking the time to write this up and share the details; that context really helps.
This doesn’t look like an Outlook add-in issue so much as a broken or missing Zoom Workplace desktop client. The clue is that Apps & Features still showed Zoom Workplace but only allowed removal, which usually means the uninstall entry exists but the actual client is missing or corrupted.
Outlook can still see the Zoom plugin, but when it tries to hand off the meeting update, it can’t find a working desktop client and triggers the message: “Please install the Zoom client for meetings on your computer.”
Reinstalling Zoom Workplace rebuilt the missing components and resolved the issue, which confirms the root cause was the desktop client state rather than the Outlook integration.
It would be a good idea to raise a ticket with Zoom Support, since it may point to a broken or partially removed install state that they’d want to track or confirm as a known issue.