Hi Olga14. I had exactly the same problem so I contacted Apple about it and just got solved like a few minutes ago. Here's how I did it. I used my iPad to do this but should work similarly on iPhones as well.
・Go to Settings app
・Tap on your name at the Top
・Tap on "Sign-in & Security" > "Sign in with Apple" > "Zoom" > Stop using Apple ID. (I was scared to push on the last button since it said "you may be asked to create a new account" but Apple representative said it's not going to delete ur Zoom account info and all it does is just deletes your data in the App and resets your cache. He was right and it did not delete my account in my caes but keep in mind, do this at your own risk)
・Open Zoom App
・Tap on "continue with Apple" > select "share my email"
After completing these steps, after 2 weeks of continuous failed attemps, it finally worked!! After that, when I logged into my Zoom account on my Mac, I was given a warning saying somethink like "looks like your email address has been changed recently. Which one do u wanna use from now on?" and gives me two options, the altered icloud address which should look like "***********" and your real iclud email address for your appleid. choose the real email address and you should be able to login.
English is not my mother tongue so there might be some grammar mistakes so if there's anything that doesn't make sense, feel free to ask me any questions.